Atenolol , dosage, side effects
Atenolol , dosage, side effects:
Atenolol is a beta-blocker primarily used to manage cardiovascular conditions like hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias, and to prevent heart attacks. It works by blocking beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and blood pressure.
Key Information
1. Uses
- Hypertension: Lowers blood pressure.
- Angina: Reduces chest pain by decreasing heart workload.
- Arrhythmias: Manages irregular heart rhythms.
- Post-Heart Attack: Lowers the risk of future cardiac events.
2. Mechanism of Action
- Beta-1 Blockade: Inhibits adrenaline effects on the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility.
- Reduced Cardiac Output: Lowers blood pressure and heart workload.
3. Dosage
- Hypertension: 25–100 mg once daily.
- Angina/Arrhythmias: 50–100 mg once daily.
- Post-Heart Attack: 50–100 mg daily.
- Adjustments: Lower doses for renal impairment.
4. Side Effects
- Common: Fatigue, dizziness, cold extremities, bradycardia.
- Serious: Severe bradycardia, heart failure, bronchospasm, depression.
5. Contraindications
- Conditions: Severe bradycardia, heart block, heart failure, asthma.
- Medications: Avoid with other beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers.
6. Precautions
- Renal Impairment: Dose adjustment needed.
- Diabetes: May mask hypoglycemia symptoms.
- Pregnancy/Lactation: Use only if benefits outweigh risks.
7. Interactions
- Drugs: Calcium channel blockers, insulin, NSAIDs.
- Conditions: Avoid in severe COPD or asthma.
8. Withdrawal
- Tapering: Abrupt stoppage can cause rebound hypertension or angina.
Clinical Considerations
- Monitoring: Regular blood pressure and heart rate checks.
- Patient Education: Report severe side effects; do not stop suddenly.
Conclusion
Atenolol is effective for cardiovascular conditions but requires careful monitoring and adherence to guidelines to minimize risks. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
