Enalapril , dosage, side effects

Enalapril , dosage, side effects:

Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used primarily to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, and to improve survival after heart attacks. It works by relaxing blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow.

Key Information About Enalapril:

1. Mechanism of Action:
   • Enalapril inhibits the ACE enzyme, which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor).
   • By blocking this conversion, it reduces blood vessel constriction and lowers blood pressure.
2. Indications:
   • Hypertension (high blood pressure).
   • Heart failure.
   • Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.
   • Prevention of symptomatic heart failure in patients with reduced ejection fraction.
3. Dosage Forms:
   • Tablets: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg.
   • Injectable form (Enalaprilat) for hospital use.
4. Common Side Effects:
   • Dry cough (most common).
   • Dizziness.
   • Fatigue.
   • Headache.
   • Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).
   • Hypotension (low blood pressure).
   • Renal impairment (in some patients).
5. Contraindications:
   • History of angioedema related to ACE inhibitors.
   • Pregnancy (especially in the second and third trimesters, as it can harm the fetus).
   • Severe kidney disease or bilateral renal artery stenosis.
6. Precautions:
   • Monitor kidney function and potassium levels regularly.
   • Avoid use in patients with a history of angioedema.
   • Caution in patients with severe aortic stenosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
7. Drug Interactions:
   • Diuretics (increased risk of hypotension).
   • Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics (risk of hyperkalemia).
   • NSAIDs (may reduce the antihypertensive effect and increase kidney risk).
   • Lithium (increased lithium levels).

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Brand Names of Enalapril:

Enalapril is available under various brand names worldwide. Some of the most common include:

1. Vasotec (one of the most well-known brand names).
2. Epaned (oral solution form).
3. Renitec.
4. Enap.
5. Innovace.
6. Xanef.
7. Pres.
8. Jutax.
9. Naprilene.

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Important Notes:

• Enalapril is often used in combination with other medications, such as diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide), to enhance its blood pressure-lowering effects.
• It is typically taken once or twice daily, depending on the condition being treated.
• Patients should be advised to avoid salt substitutes containing potassium unless directed by their healthcare provider.

Always consult a healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medication.