Causes of Hair Loss

Hair loss, or alopecia, can result from a variety of factors, including genetics, medical conditions, lifestyle, and environmental influences. Here are some common causes:

1. Genetic Factors

Androgenetic Alopecia (Male/Female Pattern Baldness): The most common cause of hair loss, influenced by genetics and hormones. It leads to gradual thinning of hair in a predictable pattern.

2. Hormonal Changes

Pregnancy and Childbirth: Hormonal fluctuations during and after pregnancy can cause temporary hair loss.
Menopause: Declining estrogen levels can lead to thinning hair.
Thyroid Disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can disrupt the hair growth cycle.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal imbalances in PCOS can cause hair thinning.

3. Medical Conditions

Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks hair follicles, causing patchy hair loss.
Scalp Infections: Fungal infections like ringworm can lead to hair loss.
Chronic Illnesses: Conditions such as lupus, diabetes, or cancer can contribute to hair thinning.
Trichotillomania: A psychological disorder characterized by compulsive hair pulling.

4. Medications and Treatments

Chemotherapy and Radiation: Cancer treatments often cause temporary hair loss.
Certain Medications: Drugs for blood pressure, depression, arthritis, and heart problems may have hair loss as a side effect.

5. Nutritional Deficiencies

Iron Deficiency: Low iron levels (anemia) can lead to hair thinning.
Vitamin Deficiencies: Lack of vitamins like B12, D, or zinc can affect hair health.
Protein Deficiency: Inadequate protein intake can weaken hair structure.

6. Stress and Trauma

Telogen Effluvium: A temporary condition where stress, surgery, or trauma pushes hair follicles into a resting phase, leading to shedding.
Physical or Emotional Stress: Severe stress can disrupt the hair growth cycle.

7. Lifestyle Factors

Poor Hair Care: Excessive styling, heat treatments, or harsh chemicals can damage hair.
Smoking: Reduces blood flow to hair follicles, affecting growth.
Crash Diets: Rapid weight loss can lead to nutrient deficiencies and hair loss.

8. Environmental Factors

Pollution: Exposure to pollutants can damage hair and scalp health.
UV Radiation: Prolonged sun exposure can weaken hair.

9. Aging

Hair naturally thins with age as hair follicles shrink and produce finer, shorter hairs.

10. Other Causes

Traction Alopecia: Caused by tight hairstyles that pull on the hair roots.
Scalp Trauma: Injuries or burns to the scalp can damage hair follicles.

If you’re experiencing significant hair loss, it’s best to consult a dermatologist or healthcare provider to identify the underlying cause and determine the appropriate treatment.